Essay literature modern old theory

The Arts, Critical Thinking, and Reform: Classrooms of the Future. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. As the arts very gradually gain attention as worthy and necessary components of public school curriculum, they become more and modern, more the center of debates of policy and essay on skydiving, economics, yet, also become prime sources of research, remodeling, and reform in terms of learning theory and philosophy. The impressive development of school reform networks has contributed greatly to this increased consideration of the arts as serious study in our schools. Many of the reform groups seem to place an emphasis upon cognitive activity, problem solving, intellectual discipline, academic self-discipline, or, simply, thinking skills development, and most include the arts as an integral part of the plan. Implications of recent federal legislation. When Secretary of Education, Richard Riley, accepted the essay literature, National Standards for K-12 Arts Education at a press conference on March 11, 1994, a new era began for arts education in the United States. For the first time, legislation was passed to enable the living room, arts to share a more important role in the public school classroom. Essay Literature Old Theory! Later that month, President Clinton signed the Goals 2000: Educate America Act which established the National Education Standards and Improvement Council to certify voluntary standards submitted by the states. Analysing A Poem Essay! In April, 1994, the National Education Commission on Time and Learning included the arts among the common core of learning in which all students should develop skills and understanding. Education reform is literature modern old theory currently a powerful force. We can take advantage of it to a poem essay, strengthen our programs. But we can do so only essay modern old theory, if we are willing to state clearly and precisely what it is that we want our students to example, know and be able to literature modern, do. Comparative Essay! We must demonstrate that music (and the other arts) are subjects for sequential study and not merely an activity. (Lehman, 1993) In Search of More Rigorous Programs. Will the modern, reform groups have any real success in bringing about sufficient academic challenge in secondary school programs in the visual arts, music, dance, and drama? It might be years before we can assess the impact of current reform networks upon secondary programs. We do know that school reform networks such as the Accelerated Schools Project, Coalition of Essential Schools, Core Knowledge Foundation, Galef Institute, Project 30 and Holmes Group, and the National Paideia Center clearly emphasize "intellectual payback"; students are expected to achieve to the best of their ability. As an example, consider the Coalition of Essential Schools (CES). With offices at Brown University within the Annenberg Institute for living essay, School Reform, the coalition serves as a high school-university partnership. Essay Literature Modern! Like all the reform groups mentioned above, the CES has identified a list of commitments or "imperatives" for better schools. Two of these imperatives echo much of what all these groups are saying: a) "Insist that students clearly exhibit mastery of their school work," and b) "Focus the students' work on the use of their minds." With 150 member schools in 30 states, the CES, like the dissertations, other reform groups, involves both public and private schools, all of which are literally shaped by goals that demand student mastery and literature, achievement through performance-based assessment (Brown U., 1994). During an anticipated period of thinning out within agencies and state governments, the Standards will become increasingly important. It will have significant impact on education is a privilege educational policy in literature, the arts. Three things will happen, no matter what budget limitations might be: More attention given to better in live make that, "academic payback." Performance-based Education will no longer be confused with Objectives-based Education Less reliance on budget shortfalls as an excuse for poor organization Continued attempts to develop awareness skills in arts/aesthetics, to widen the modes of perception and sensitivity to literature modern old theory, art objects and concepts, and appreciation for comparative example, them. The future of arts "core" subjects in grades 8-12. Although the Core Knowledge Foundation is involved only with grades K-6 (grades 7 and 8 will be included by fall 1995), the group's philosophical and curricular approaches are relevant to essay literature modern, all levels. Its spiral curriculum, allowing for online database, substantial study in music and visual arts, is driven by the concept of literature modern old theory, learning in sequence. The Sequence offers a planned progression of specific knowledge in history, geography, mathematics, science, language arts, and fine arts. It represents a first and ongoing attempt to state specifically a core of shared knowledge that children should learn in American schools. It should be emphasized that the world would, Core Knowledge Sequence is not a list of facts to be memorized. Rather, it is literature a guide to coherent content from grade to grade, designed to analysing a poem, encourage steady academic progress as children build their knowledge and essay literature old theory, skills from one year to the next" (Core Knowledge Foundation, 1995). Because of the comparative example, strong representation of the arts in old theory, its schema, and because more than 150 schools in 30 states are implementing the program, Core Knowledge is a strong representative of the many model programs that recognize the arts as essential. Unfortunately, there are those who criticize Core Knowledge as elitist, attempting to impose elite culture on everyone. Such critics appear to be part of the same faction that is determined to revise and reorganize history and literature to further their own ideals and social and educational objectives. E. D. Essay! Hirsch, founder of the Core Knowledge Foundation in literature modern, Charlottesville, Virginia, has responded to such critics as follows: "Core Knowledge is an anti -elitist idea. It aims to guarantee equal access for all to the knowledge necessary for higher literacy and education is a privilege essay, learning" (Core, 7-10). For some time Hirsch has echoed many thoughtful scholar-educators in his concerns about the questionable level of "cultural literacy" in essay literature old theory, the United States. The Core concept is by description room, no means new; it is simply being renewed and invigorated out of deep concern for the well-being of our schools. Cultural literacy in the high school. With the slow but sure success of literature old theory, core concept (or related models), programs at the early grade levels should finally impact upon secondary and description living room, even post-secondary policy and curriculum. Systems that achieve across-the-board effectiveness in early schooling are systems that specify a core of knowledge that children should acquire in each grade of essay old theory, elementary school. All the national systems that are fair by dissertations database, the IEA standard do in fact use this core-knowledge approach. By contrast, no national system that fails to use a core knowledge approach has managed to achieve fairness [in public schooling]. The cross-correlations between fairness and core knowledge are 100% (Hirsch, 1991). With the slow but not-so-sure success of the core concept at the high school level, several imperatives must be realized for achieving success: Increased emphasis on discipline-based arts approaches to essay literature modern, supplement and complement drill-orientated programs Serious reform in arts assessment and evaluation as related to high school (public or private) graduation requirements Critical links between elementary and secondary arts identified and clearly defined A cultural literacy that embraces a true multiculturalism Increased emphasis on excellence and fairness Increased research and experimentation with Humanities curricula More study and writing "across the curriculum." Extending the online, core knowledge general concepts beyond any one particular group or movement seems natural and logical, if the literature, goals and principles of most reform groups can be taken seriously. Consider the dissertations, second of the modern old theory, nine Common Principles of the Coalition of Essential Schools (CES): The school's goals should be simple: that each student master a limited number of essential skills and areas of knowledge. While these skills and areas will, to varying degrees, reflect the traditional academic disciplines, the program's design should be shaped by the intellectual and imaginative powers and competencies that students need, rather than necessarily by living essay, "subjects" as conventionally defined. (Coalition, 4) Institutional/Traditional vs. "Open" (Anything Goes) The ongoing battle of institutional/traditional arts vs. "open" arts (anything goes) will rage on. The public is confused as to what art is. The word, "artist," probably appears in English-speaking nations as a malapropos more than any other in literature, the vocabulary. The blind rush toward egalitarianism has left us currently with a dilemma, what the late William A. Henry III, culture critic for Time magazine called "the great post-World War II American dialectic and tension between elitism and in live place that world, egalitarianism" (Henry 1994). Anti-intellectual populism seems at times almost out of control, with the idea of literature old theory, inclusion carried to an absurd extreme. As the arts and essay example, entertainment often reflect our society, it should not surprise us that much of our entertainment since 1950 celebrates mediocrity and rewards the banal. In music, minimalism abounds in pop hits; even serious concert music has its minimalist offerings (e.g., that of Philip Glass, Steve Reich, and John Adams, three minimalist composers who have gained some considerable fame and fortune with their craft). For the last 30 to 40 years, those who have willfully misunderstood and reinvented the past have been less concerned with the essay old theory, education of our nation than with their political agendas. To openly recognize the fact that this kind of contrived egalitarianism has resulted in some evidence of stunted growth in the arts is not considered the thing to do. Yet, amid all this philosophic turmoil, there remains a marvelous, albeit small, elite in the arts and the world of entertainment. From around the education privilege essay, world several young violinists, numerous pianists, dramatists, painters, sculptors, poets, dancers--many of essay literature modern, them not yet 25 years of age-are already part of the elite. Dissertations Database! Some will remain for old theory, many years as the supermen and place that would, superwomen of the arts. Jazz continues to furnish us with new members of this elite. This small-truly multicultural-elite in the arts and literature modern old theory, entertainment--seems to get better every decade. Online Dissertations! Even as dismal as is the status of literature, singing among the American public, the small but first-rate group of young opera, concert, and choral singers issuing forth from U. S. programs is impressive. It is the masses, the 95 or so per cent who have been losing out over narrative essay, the years. They are part of what anthropologist Margaret Mead in 1970 called "the impending Dark Ages of American culture" (Mead, 1970). If we can agree that the literature modern old theory, small select group of those who are the artists in essay example, the truest sense of the old theory, term are as good as ever, maybe better, then we might also agree that more attention must be given to the remainder of education essay, our society. That ninety-five per cent of the population just might live fuller lives through better understanding and appreciation of the arts, aesthetic experiences free for the taking. We must foster the realization that the joys of aesthetic discourse are available to essay modern old theory, everyone, regardless of class or social position, and we must seek to provide our citizens with the skills necessary for a lifetime of participation in it (Gunstream, 1986). We might find that some remedies lie within the school reform networks. Six of the seven major school reform groups cited earlier form a clear consensus, which is highlighted by the following points that apply to arts education: Most important purposes of quality public education intellectual discipline problem solving ethical ideas thinking skills development Programs infused with sufficient rigor Recognition of the essential coexistence of elitism and egalitarianism in the arts K-12 Emphasis on curricular change and experimentation in seeking an improved learning environment. Social and ethnic contextualism might not continue to be as much of description room essay, a driving factor in the new century. As a result, the construct, "cultural literacy," will be more easily defined and understood; cultural literacy must remain on a foundation of universal truths and ideas. Modern! The term has been misused badly. Cultural literacy does not mean specifically "understanding of other cultures," even though such understanding is certainly a natural part of the schema. It refers to the understanding and communication of essential elements of expression of the human spirit in our civilization. At first glance, this is a question of little consequence to the majority of our population, but most of essay, us who are concerned, are deeply concerned. In the context of modern old theory, daily life, our answers to education is a privilege essay, the question will determine how culturally literate we are as individuals and as groups. Our answers to the question will have some bearing on curriculum development, policy, assessment, andexpectations. Although the reform groups I have cited in this writing seldom mention critical thinking as an entity, they constantly refer to analysis skills, cognitive development, higher order thinking, etc., which most certainly relate to such a construct. By consensus, "critical thinking" would today be defined as: disciplined process of analyzing, synthesizing, or evaluating information resulting from observation, reasoning, or reflection, based upon intellectual values that apply to all areas of human experience. It is this critical thinking emphasis nested within the modern old theory, objectives of the reform networks cited that presents the nation with some hope for the future of education, including some short-range relief from the desultory condition of arts among the general public as well as in the American high school. Coalition of Essential Schools. (1994). The common principles . Providence: Brown U. Core Knowledge Foundation. Analysing Essay! (1995). Core knowledge sequence . Charlottesville, VA. Gunstream, R. (1986). Yesterday's wind, today's whirlwind. Design for essay old theory, Arts in Arts Education , 87 (5), 5-15. Henry III, W. (1994). In Defense of Elitism . NY: Doubleday. Hirsch, E. (1991). Fairness and Core Knowledge . Charlottesville: Core Knowledge Foundation. Lehman, P. (1993). National standards for education essay, K-12 arts education. Educational Leadership in the Arts . Literature Old Theory! Chapel Hill: UNC. Mead, M. (1970). Culture and commitment . New York: Natural History Press.

The following are the theses completed at the AASS Mobile Robotics Lab. These include both PhD theses and "Licentiate" theses: the latter is a Swedish degree which is obtained half way during the doctoral studies. Essay Modern. Online versions of dissertations database, most theses can be obtained by following the links to the university library. For other theses, please write a note to literature modern the author, to the supervisor(s), or to the Lab director. PhD Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, May 2009. Abstract: Imagine the following situation. You give your favorite robot, named Pippi, the task to fetch a heavy parcel that just arrived at your front door. While pushing the education is a privilege essay, parcel back to essay literature modern old theory you, she must travel through a door. Unfortunately, the parcel she is pushing is better essay place that world would blocking her camera, giving her a hard time to see the door. If she cannot see the literature, door, she cannot safely push the parcel through it. What would you as a human do in a similar situation? Most probably you would ask someone for help, someone to guide you through the door, as we ask for on skydiving, help when we need to park our car in a tight parking spot. Why not let the modern, robots do the same? Why not let robots help each other? Luckily for Pippi, there is another robot, named Emil, vacuum cleaning the floor in the same room. Since Emil has a video camera and can view both Pippi and the door at the same time, he can estimate PippiÐ¥s position relative to the door and use this information to guide Pippi through the door by wireless communication. In that way he can enable Pippi to deliver the dissertations database, parcel to you. The goal of this thesis is to endow robots with the ability to help each other in a similar way. More specifically, we consider distributed robot systems in which: (1) each robot includes sensing, acting and/or processing modular functionalities; and (2) robots can help each other by offering those functionalities. A functional configuration is any way to allocate and connect functionalities among the robots. Literature Modern Old Theory. An interesting feature of a system of this type is the dissertations, possibility to literature modern use different functional configurations to make the same set of robots perform different tasks, or to perform the same task under different conditions. In the above example, Emil is offering a perceptual functionality to Pippi. In a different situation, Emil could offer his motion functionality to help Pippi pushing a heavier parcel. In this thesis, we propose an approach to automatically generate, at run time, a functional configuration of essay example, a distributed robot system to perform a given task in a given environment, and to dynamically change this configuration in response to failures. Our approach is based on artificial intelligence planning techniques, and it is provably sound, complete and optimal. In order to handle tasks that require more than one step (i.e., one configuration) to essay literature modern be accomplished, we also show how methods for automatic configuration can be integrated with methods for task planning in order to produce a complete plan were each step is a configuration. For the scenario above, generating a complete plan before the execution starts enables Pippi to know beforehand if she can get the online dissertations database, parcel or not. We also propose an approach to merge configurations, which enables concurrent execution of configurations. Merging of configurations can be used for: parallel execution of a sequence of configurations for reducing execution time (as demonstrated in this thesis), and guaranteeing safe execution of multiple configurations generated by the same or different configuration processes. We demonstrate the old theory, applicability of our approach on a specific type of distributed robot system, called Peis-Ecology, and show experiments in which configurations, and sequences of configurations are automatically generated and executed on real robots. Further, we give an experiment were merged configurations are created and executed on simulated robots. Licentiate Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, December 2009. Abstract: Robotic remote inspection, such as security surveillance or disaster area examination, can be efficient and at the same time protect humans from danger. However, conventional tele-operation interfaces impose a cognitive burden on the operator, who is online typically not a robotics expert, and high-level information interpretation and decision-making is neglected. This work investigates the use of a spherical robot for remote inspection. Ball-shaped robots are inherently stable and robust, encapsulating all sensors and moving parts. They are, however, oscillation-prone and this causes some control and perception challenges. We take the essay modern old theory, disadvantages of spherical robots into consideration in the development of a tele-operation user interface for remote inspection. The interface must promote good situation awareness provided sensor data from an oscillating robot. It must also allow precise control over analysing a poem the spherical robot, which exhibits some peculiar motion patterns. We consider remote inspection with a tele-operated spherical robot in an adjustable autonomy framework where control, perceptual, and essay literature modern interaction autonomy are treated separately. With no control or interaction autonomy present in the system, we try to improve situation awareness by visualizing the robot and sensor data in a 3D virtual reality (VR), and also by introducing low-level perceptual autonomy features in description the user interface: image stabilization in virtual reality, and a virtual 360ÐŽ panorama. We evaluate the user interface in a user study where the participants perform a remote inspection task using the spherical robot. The experiment compares (1) using the 3D VR visualization against essay literature, using a conventional 2D visualization, and (2) having the panorama feature enabled or disabled. For comparison, a similar experiment using a skid-steered four-wheeled robot was carried out. The experiments show that there is a difference between the different visualization modes with the spherical robot: using the conventional 2D visualization is more efficient. Without integrated video and map information, the virtual 3D view of the is a privilege, robot apparently adds nothing of benefit to modern old theory the user interface. Without range data, robot and sensor attitudes only distract attention from the video and the interface does not provide sufficient navigational cues. PhD Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, September 2008. Abstract: Autonomous mobile robots are being developed with the aim of accomplishing complex tasks in essay make place world would different environments, including human habitats as well as less friendly places, such as distant planets and underwater regions. A major challenge faced by such robots is to make sure that their actions are executed correctly and reliably, despite the dynamics and essay literature old theory the uncertainty inherent in their working space. This thesis is concerned with the ability of a mobile robot to reliably monitor the execution of its plans and detect failures. Existing approaches for monitoring the execution of plans rely mainly on checking the explicit effects of plan actions, i.e., effects encoded in the action model. Analysing Essay. This supposedly means that the effects to monitor are directly observable, but that is not always the case in a real-world environment. In this thesis, we propose to use semantic domain-knowledge to derive and monitor implicit expectations about the effects of actions. For instance, a robot entering a room asserted to be an office should expect to see at least a desk, a chair, and possibly a PC. These expectations are derived from knowledge about the type of the room the robot is entering. If the robot enters a kitchen instead, then it should expect to see an oven, a sink, etc. The major contributions of literature, this thesis are as follows. We define the notion of privilege essay, Semantic Knowledge-based Execution Monitoring SKEMon, and we propose a general algorithm for it based on the use of description logics for representing knowledge. We develop a probabilistic approach of semantic Knowledge-based execution monitoring to essay literature modern take into make place that world account uncertainty in both acting and sensing. Specifically, we allow for sensing to be unreliable and for essay, action models to comparative have more than one possible outcome. We also take into consideration uncertainty about the state of the world. This development is essential to the applicability of our technique, since uncertainty is modern a pervasive feature in essay robotics. We present a general schema to deal with situations where perceptual information relevant to SKEMon is missing. Literature. The schema includes steps for modeling and generating a course of action to actively collect such information. We describe approaches based on analysing a poem planning and greedy action selection to generate the information-gathering solutions. The thesis also shows how such a schema can be applied to respond to modern failures occurring before or while an action is executed. The failures we address are ambiguous situations that arise when the robot attempts to anchor symbolic descriptions (relevant to a plan action) in perceptual information. The work reported in this thesis has been tested and verified using a mobile robot navigating in an indoor environment. In addition, simulation experiments were conducted to online evaluate the performance of SKEMon using known metrics. The results show that using semantic knowledge can lead to high performance in monitoring the execution of robot plans. Licentiate Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, October 2008. Abstract: Distributed robotic systems are nowadays being applied to several domains, like ambient assisted living, elderly healthcare, or museum guidance. Essay Literature Modern Old Theory. The internal control structures of the heterogeneous devices that constitute these systems are often profitably organized in component-based software architectures. The strong added value of such distributed systems comes from is a privilege essay their potential ability to automatically self-configure the interaction patterns of essay literature modern old theory, their constituting components. Dynamically reconfigurable component interactions within and across the various devices allow these systems to education privilege automatically change the form of their actions by founding new cooperations among their devices, or by destroying the old ones. Essay. Automatic self-configuration would dramatically increase the adaptability of such systems to new tasks or situations. At present time, no satisfactory solutions exist to essay the problem of how such distributed systems should automatically self-configure. With the aim to provide a solution to this problem, we have developed a mechanism for essay, automatic self-configuration of distributed robotic systems, in living essay which special components are able to establish, monitor, and, if needed, change the system configurations. This work has resulted in the following original outcomes: design of formal descriptions for essay literature modern old theory, software components that are typical of distributed robotic systems; design of formal task specifications that assimilate categories of system-level tasks to categories of system configurations; design and implementation of software that dynamically creates and monitors configurations given such task and component specifications. This work has been inspired by ideas from the field of Semantic Web Services and by the heritage of reactive architectures in Robotics. In order to validate our design, we have implemented and a poem tested the self-configuration mechanism on a specific type of distributed robotic system: the Peis-Ecology. Licentiate Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, March 2007. Abstract: In most underground mines, LHD (Load-Haul-Dump) vehicles are used to essay transport ore from the living, stope or muck-pile to a dumping point, and are typically operated by a human who is sitting on-board the vehicle. Generally, an modern old theory underground mine does not offer the best working environment for humans, and the job of an LHD operator can be characterised as Three D: D angerous, D irty and D ull. Tele-operated LHD vehicles are sometimes used in an attempt to remove the need of an on-board operator. However, tele-operation typically leads to reduced productivity and increased maintenance costs. The current trend is therefore toward fully autonomous, driver-less navigation systems. In this thesis, we present our approach to better place develop a reactive navigation system for essay modern, operating an autonomous LHD vehicle in underground mines. Database. The suggested system uses a coarse topological map for localisation, and a fuzzy behaviour-based approach for navigation. In our work, we have extended an existing framework for autonomous robot navigation and we have designed, developed and validated novel feature detection algorithms to enable reliable tunnel following and topological localisation. These algorithms operate on data from a laser scanner, and extract features such as tunnel center line and intersections. We claim, that the essay modern, developed algorithms go beyond the state of the art because of their reduced computational cost and of their robustness with respect to sensor noise. To further increase the robustness of the topological localisation, we also propose the use of RFID technology by deploying passive RFID tags at critical locations in analysing essay the mine. To complement the description of essay literature old theory, our algorithms and comparative system, we report on an initial implementation tested on ordinary research robots, and essay modern an extensive quantitative evaluation of the feature detection algorithms. This evaluation confirms the good performance of the algorithms, and analysing essay their robustness to noise in the laser data. We also describe a few qualitative tests of the complete navigation system made in indoor environments using ordinary research robots. These tests indicate that the techniques developed in this thesis, originally intended for use in an underground mine, can also be used in other domains characterized by corridor-like features. PhD Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, February 2006. Abstract: This thesis is literature about integrating the sense of smell into artificial intelligent systems. Essay Example. In order to endow such systems with olfaction, we use a device called an essay literature old theory electronic nose or e-nose. An e-nose consists of a number of gas sensors with partial selectivity and a pattern recognition component trained to recognize both complex and simple types of odours. Is A Privilege Essay. Discussed in this thesis are a number of challenges which makes the integration of electronic noses into an intelligent system non-trivial. Challenges unique to the current technological state of odour identification include the characteristics of the essay literature old theory, gas sensing technologies such as sensitivity and drift, and the limitations of the pattern recognition algorithms to cope with these characteristics. Another challenge general to olfaction is the inherent difficulty in conveying or communicating a perception of an education is a essay odour to a human user. If we are to consider e-noses into today's and tomorrow's intelligent systems, it is literature modern important to examine the better in live place that would, ingredients currently present in such systems. Sensing modalities such as vision, sonar and infrared are often used to collect a number of different properties about the literature, external world. Planning and reasoning components are used to determine the appropriate responses to execute. The system can also perform actions which can then change the state of the essay, environment. Using an electronic nose in literature modern old theory a system containing these properties requires much more than simply mounting a physical sensor. In order for the system to really embody electronic olfaction, each level of the system architecture needs to be considered. Dissertations. We investigate the use of current techniques from AI and robotics that are available to confront these integration problems. Specifically this thesis investigates (1) the abstraction e-nose data from low-level sensor readings to a high-level representation of odour concepts, (2) the modern old theory, combination of perceptual information from the comparative essay, e-nose with other sensing modalities (3) coordination of sensing actions to determine where and when the e-nose should be activated in this context. We view these three constituents as important contributions for the advancement of electronic olfaction toward real application domains ranging from safety and security to the food industry. The major experimental platforms used for validation consists of a mobile robot equipped with an electronic nose, vision and tactile modalities that can perform a number of olfactory related tasks. Other experimental platforms include e-noses as part of a distributed sensing network and also as part of a visual interface interacting with humans. Licentiate Thesis. Essay. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, September 2006. Abstract: Imagine the narrative essay on skydiving, following situation. Modern Old Theory. You give your favorite robot, named Pippi, the task to fetch a parcel that just arrived at your front door. While pushing the parcel back to you, she must travel through a door opening. Unfortunately, the parcel she is pushing is blocking her camera, giving her a hard time to see the door to cross. If she cannot see the door, she cannot safely push the parcel through the description living essay, door opening. What would you as a human do in a similar situation? Most probably you would ask someone for essay literature, help, someone to guide you through the door, as we ask for make that world, help when we need to park our car in a tight parking spot. Essay Modern Old Theory. Why not let the robots do the same? Why not let robots help each other. Luckily for Pippi, there is another robot, named Emil, vacuum cleaning the floor in the same room. Since Emil can view both Pippi and the door at comparative essay, the same time, he can guide Pippi through the door, enabling her to deliver the parcel to literature modern you. This work is about societies of database, autonomous robots in which robots can help each other by offering information-producing functionalities. A functional configuration is a way to allocate and connect functionalities among robots. Literature Old Theory. In general, different configurations can be used to solve the same task, depending on the current situation. For the work on configurations, we have three steps. The first step is to foramlly define the idea of education is a privilege, functional configuration. Second, to show how configurations can be automatically generated and executed. The third step is to address the problem of when and how to change a configuration in response to changing conditions. Modern. In this licenciate thesis we report initial work that focus on the two first steps: the third step is subject of future work. Education Privilege Essay. We propose a formal definition of functional configurations, and we propose an approach based on artificial intelligence (AI) planning techniques to literature automatically generate a preferred configuration for a given task, environment, and example set of resources. To illustrate these ideas, we describe an experimental system where these are implemented, and show two example of it in which two robots mutually help each other to address tasks. Essay Literature Modern. In the first example they help each other to cross a door, and in the second example they carry a bar together. PhD Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, December 2005. Abstract: Autonomous robots typically rely on internal representations of the environment, or maps , to plan and execute their tasks. Several types of maps have been proposed in the literature, and there is general consensus that different types have different advantages and limitations, and that each type is more suited to certain tasks and less to others. Because of these reasons, it is becoming common wisdom in the field of mobile robotics to use hybrid maps that integrate several representations, usually of different types. Hybrid maps provide scalability and essay multiple views, allowing for instance to combine robot-centered and essay literature modern human-centered representations. There is, however, little understanding of the general principles that can be used to combine different maps into a hybrid one, and to make it something more than the narrative essay on skydiving, sum of its parts. There is no systematic analysis of the different ways in which different maps can be combined, and how they can be made to cooperate. Modern Old Theory. This makes it difficult to evaluate and compare different systems, and precludes us from getting a clear understanding of narrative, how a hybrid map can be designed or improved. The investigation presented in this thesis aims to contribute to fill this foundational gap, and to get a clearer understanding of the nature of hybrid maps. To help in this investigation, we develop two tools: The first one is a conceptual tool, an essay old theory analytical framework in which the essay, main ingredients of a hybrid map are described; The second one is an empirical tool, a new hybrid map that allows us to literature old theory experimentally verify our claims and hypotheses. While these tools are themselves important contributions of this thesis, our investigation has resulted in the following additional outcomes: A set of concepts that allow us to better understand the structure and operation of education privilege, hybrid maps, and that help us to design them, compare them, identify their problems, and possibly improve them; The identification of the notion of synergy as the fundamental way in which component maps inside a hybrid map cooperate. To assess the essay modern old theory, significance of these outcomes, we make and validate the following claims: Our framework allows us to better essay in live world classify and describe existing maps in a uniform way. This claim is validated constructively by making a thorough classification of the essay modern old theory, hybrid maps reported in the literature. Our framework also allows us to enhance an existing hybrid map by identifying spots for improvement. This claim is verified experimentally by modifying an online dissertations database existing map and evaluating its performance against the original one. The notion of synergy plays an essay important role in hybrid maps. This claim is verified experimentally by testing the performance of a hybrid map with and without synergy. PhD Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, April 2005. Main supervisor: A. Saffiotti. Co-supervisor: D. Driankov. Abstract: The field of industrial robotics can be defined as the essay world would, study, design and use of essay literature modern old theory, robot systems for manufacturing. Although the problem of designing a controller for industrial robots has been the comparative example, subject of intensive study, a number of assumptions are usually made which may seriously limit the applicability of these robots. First, the robotic manipulator is usually considered to be positioned at essay modern old theory, one place, which means that it can only work in its limited working envelope fixed to this position. Second, it is usually assumed that the environment of the manipulator (workcell) is carefully engineered to suit the task and the configuration of the manipulator. The workcell is usually controlled in a way that makes it fully predictable. Finally, the is a, control program of the literature modern, manipulator is often designed assuming that the task will not change, and essay it is difficult to reprogram it to fit other tasks and/or other environments. These restrictions make current industrial robots unsuitable for the new demands of flexible automation in small and medium enterprises. To enter these emerging markets, industrial robots need to be easy to reprogram in order to be used for small batch productions. They also need to extend their work envelope outside the fixed, confined space of a workcell in order to address a larger range of modern, tasks. Essay. Finally, in order to reduce the high cost needed to engineer the workcell, the control system should be able to cope with a (partially) unstructured environment, where things may move and not everything is literature modern old theory predictable. In this thesis, we develop techniques that extend the applicability of current robotic manipulators, by addressing the above limitations. We propose an approach to sensor-based manipulation that has the dissertations, following distinctive features. The control system is flexible and modular, in order to easily adapt to new tasks and environments. The execution is sensor-based, in order to work robustly in less controlled environments. Our approach applies to the more general problem of combined mobility andmanipulation, in order to essay literature modern old theory extend the work space of the manipulator. To achieve these features, we combine the methods of traditional robot control with insights derived from three different fields. Narrative. We provide modularity and flexibility by taking insights from the old theory, field of behavior-based robotics. We incorporate online visual feedback into the control loop by taking insights from the field of image-based visual servoing. And we combine mobility and manipulation by taking insights from the field of mobile manipulation. Analysing A Poem Essay. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we develop a complete mobile manipulation system, and we validate its performance in a number of experiments involving the collection of objects from a large floor, whose position is not known a priori, and which may be moving. PhD Thesis. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden, October 2004. Abstract: In the near future, autonomous mobile robots are expected to assist us by performing service tasks in essay old theory many different areas, including transportation, cleaning, mining, or harvesting. In order to manage these tasks in a changing and partially unpredictable environment, without the help of humans, the robot must have the ability to plan its actions and to execute them robustly and in a safe way. Since the real world is dynamic and not fully predictable, the living, robot must also have the ability to detect when the execution does not proceed as planned, and to correctly identify the causes of the failure. An execution monitoring system is old theory a system that allows the robot to detect and classify these failures. Most current approaches to dissertations execution monitoring in modern robotics are based on the idea of predicting the outcomes of the robot's actions by using some sort of model, and comparing the is a privilege, predicted outcomes with the observed ones. In contrary, this thesis explores the use of model-free approaches to essay literature execution monitoring, that is, approaches that do not use predictive models. These approaches solely observe the actual execution of the robot, and detect certain patterns that indicate a problem. The motivation to carry out this exploration comes from two observations. First, there is very little work done on this topic, especially within the essay, field of artificial intelligence and autonomous robotics. Second, model-free approaches have some complementary advantages and essay modern disadvantages compared to the model-based ones. In this thesis, we show that pattern recognition techniques can be applied to realize model-free execution monitoring by classifying observed behavioral patterns into normal or faulty behaviors. Analysing. We investigate the use of several such techniques, and old theory verify their utility in a number of narrative on skydiving, experiments involving the navigation of a mobile robot in indoor environments. Statistical measures are used to compare the literature old theory, results given from several realistic simulations. Our approach has also been successfully tested on narrative on skydiving a real robot navigating in an office environment. Interesting, this test has shown that we can train a model-free execution monitor in simulation, and then use it in a real robot.

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